Maven常用命令、配置、POM、仓库

（一）常用命令

1）Maven 导出依赖lib 并打包

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies -DoutputDirectory=target/classes/lib  -DincludeScope=runtime package

 

2）忽略测试错误

mvn test -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true

 

3） 安装跳过单元测试

mvn install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

 

4）运行

mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=org.sonatype.mavenbook.weather.Main
好处：不用向classpath中添加所有的依赖

 

5）独立jar加入本地仓库

mvn install:install-file -Dfile=jar包的位置 -DgroupId=上面的groupId -DartifactId=上面的artifactId -Dversion=上面的version -Dpackaging=jar

 

如：mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=org.apache.commons -DartifactId=commons-email -Dversion=1.3.2 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=E:\workspace\sca-crawler\lib\commons-email-1.3.2.jar

 

6）查看插件信息

mvn help:describe -Dplugin=exec -Dfull 

 

（二）插件定制

 

向插件传参数定制行为

 

1）设置主类

<build>
     <plugins>
          <plugin>
               <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
               <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
               <version>2.4</version>
               <configuration>
                    <outputDirectory>target</outputDirectory>
                    <archive>
                         <manifest>
                              <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                              <classpathPrefix>./lib/</classpathPrefix>
                              <mainClass>com.ailk.tosd.ua.hadoop.tool.UAClassifierJob</mainClass>
                         </manifest>
                    </archive>
               </configuration>
          </plugin>
     </plugins>
</build> 

 

2）测试过程测试失败错误:mvn test

 

<build>
          <plugins>
               <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                         <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
                    </configuration>
               </plugin>
          </plugins>
</build>

 

3）安装过程跳过测试 ：mvn install

 

<build>
          <plugins>
               <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                         <skip>true</skip>
                    </configuration>
               </plugin>
          </plugins>
     </build>

 

4）编译插件编译环境1.6

 

<build>
          <pluginManagement>
               <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                         <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                         <configuration>
                              <source>1.6</source>
                              <target>1.6</target>
                         </configuration>
                    </plugin>
               </plugins>
          </pluginManagement>
</build>

 

注：使用sun 专用api

 

<plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                         <source>1.6</source>
                         <target>1.6</target>
                         <compilerArguments>
                              <verbose />
                              <bootclasspath>${java.home}/lib/rt.jar</bootclasspath>
                         </compilerArguments>
                    </configuration>
               </plugin>

 

5）配置 copyDependency是只拷贝compile 作用域的

     <build>
          <pluginManagement>
               <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                         <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                         <configuration>
                              <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
                         </configuration>
                    </plugin>
               </plugins>
          </pluginManagement>
     </build>

• runtime ： runtime and compile dependencies,
• compile ： compile, provided, and system dependencies,
• test (default) ： all dependencies,
• provided ： provided dependencies,
• system ： system dependencies.

6）打包所有依赖的jar 中的class 打到同一个包里

<build>
          <plugins>
               <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                         <archive>
                              <manifest>
                                   <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                                   <classpathPrefix>./lib/</classpathPrefix>
                                   <!-- <mainClass>com.ailk.tosd.ua.hadoop.tool.UAClassifierJob</mainClass> -->
                              </manifest>
                         </archive>
                         <descriptorRefs>
                              <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                         </descriptorRefs>
                    </configuration>
               </plugin>
          </plugins>
     </build>

命令：mvn assembly:assembly  

说明：生成xxxx-1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar的打包文件, 里面将包含所有的依赖文件

 

三 配置setting.xml

 

1）配置本地库

 

<localRepository>E:\Workspace\Java\Env\Maven\repositories</localRepository>

 

2）配置中央仓库镜像

 

<mirror>
      <id>maven.net.cn</id>
      <name>one of the central mirrors in china</name>
      <url>http://maven.net.cn/content/groups/public/</url>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
 </mirror>

 

3）配置其他仓库

 

<profile> 
      <id>repositoriesProfile</id> 
      <!-- repositories and pluginRepositories here--> 
      <repositories> 
              <repository> 
                <id>sonatype</id>  <!--id必须唯一-->
                <name>Sonatype Mirror</name>  <!--描述-->
                <url>http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url> 
                <releases> 
                  <enabled>true</enabled>  <!--可以下载releases版本-->
                </releases> 
                <snapshots> 
                  <enabled>false</enabled>   <!--禁止下载snapshots版本-->
                </snapshots> 
                  </repository> 
            </repositories> 
            <pluginRepositories> 
              <pluginRepository> 
                <id>sonatype</id> 
                <name>Sonatype Mirror</name> 
                <url>http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url> 
                <releases> 
                  <enabled>true</enabled> 
                </releases> 
                <snapshots> 
                  <enabled>false</enabled> 
                </snapshots>     
              </pluginRepository> 
            </pluginRepositories>
    </profile>  

 

激活仓库：

 

  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>repositoriesProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>

 

（三）常用参数

mvn -e 显示详细错误
mvn -U 强制更新snapshot类型的插件或依赖库（否则maven一天只会更新一次snapshot依赖）
mvn -o 运行offline模式，不联网更新依赖

 

（四）其他问题解决

 

1 存在*.lastUpdated文件无法更新jar

 

     使用maven构建的项目，当本地jar文件不存在时，maven会到中央仓库下载，如果存在网络等原因，jar文件下载未成功，相应目录会存在lastUpdated文件，因为有这个lastUpdated文件所以以后都不会真正下载对应ja了。 

     解决方法：

     1）在执行mvn compile 之前把lastUpdated 文件删除。

     2）使用 mvn -U clean install 强制更新